Ukukhetha Ibheji Lokufinyelela Le-RFID: Izinqumo Ngemva Kokuphepha, Ukuhambisana, kanye Nezindleko Zangempela

Lokhu kubhalwe eceleni kwebhentshi elenza ikhadi, hhayi isoftware eyifundayo. Kuwo wonke ama-oda esiwasebenzisayo, izinqumo ezintathu ezifanayo (ukuphepha kwe-chip, ukuhambisana kwefomethi, nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila) yizo ezihlukanisa ukuthunyelwa okungenasici kuleyo ephenduka ibe ukuphrinta kabusha.

 

"Ibheji Lekhadi," "Ikhadi Lephroksi," "Imininingwane Yokufinyelela": Into Eyodwa, Amazinga Engozi Ahluke Kakhulu Amathathu

 

Vakashela izindawo eziyishumi futhi unxande ofanayo wepulasitiki ubizwa ngamagama amahlanu ahlukene. Kumongo wokufinyelela-okulawula, ibheji lekhadi yikhadi le-ID elinechip egxilile le-RFID kanye nothi oluyenza imisebenzi emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa: libonisa ubuso negama kumuntu, futhi liphendula umfundi emnyango. Ibheji liwuhlobo olulodwa kuphela oluphathekayo olungathathwa. Ama-Fobs, ama-wristbands, nezikhwama zefoni ezinye, futhi{4}}ukuthunyelwa komhlaba kwangempela kuvame ukuhlanganisa ezimbalwa zazo ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo eyodwa yokufinyelela, indlela izindawo ezinkulu ezivele zixuba ngayo amaphasi aphrintiwe namabhande asehlakaleni acijile.ukungena okuhlelekile emasangweni amaningi.

Ukuxhawula-Izingxenye Ezintathu Ngemva Kokuthepha Konke

 

Indlela esebenza ngayo ibheji ye-RFID imfushane ngokwanele ukusho ngomoya owodwa. Ikhadi liphethe i-chip enesihlonzi esiyingqayizivele kanye nothi. Umfundi osemnyango ukhipha inkundla yomsakazo; uthi lwekhadi luvuna amandla anele okuvusa i-chip futhi ithumele inombolo yayo emuva; umfundi udlulisela leyo nombolo kusilawuli, esiyihlola ngokuqhathanisa nohlu bese sinquma ukuthi siyayikhulula yini isikhiya. Ukushintshana konke kuqeda kahle ngaphansi kwesekhondi, kungekho ukuxhumana futhi kungenabhethri ekhadini.

 

Leyo modeli yebheji ye-ID yokungathinteki manje isiyikhona okuzenzakalelayo ngesizathu esilinganisekayo. Ngo-2025, i-RFID ne-NFC ndawonye zazibambe u-57.75% wokufinyelela{3}}ukulawula ukuxhumana{4}}ukwabelana kobuchwepheshe, ngaphambi kwazo zonke izinketho ezintsha ezingenantambo (Mordor Intelligence).

 

 

Umbuzo Wokuphepha Abathengi abaningi Beqa Kuze kube Ngemva Kokwephula

 

Nasi isiphetho sokuthi amaqembu amaningi okuthenga afinyelela sekwephuze kakhulu: -ibheji ephansi yefrikhwensi engu-125 kHz inikeza cishe ukuvikelwa ekukopishweni. Isakaza inombolo egxilile ngokucacile, futhi leyo nombolo ingashuthwa futhi ibhalwe kabusha endaweni engenalutho ngedivayisi ebiza ngaphansi kwamadola angamashumi amabili futhi engadingi ikhono ukuze isebenze. -Ama-kiosks okuzisiza kwamanye amaketanga manje azophinda ikhadi le-prox ngendlela isitolo sezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha esisika ngayo ukhiye (I-CampusIDNews).

 

Lokho idemo ye-cloning engalokothi ibonise ingemuva. Uma kwethulwa ikhadi lokufinyelela elikopishiwe, isistimu ifunda imininingwane esemthethweni bese ifaka okufakiwe ngaphansi komnikazi osemthethweni, ukuze umkhondo wokucwaninga uthule uphenduke inganekwane futhi umnikazi wekhadi wangempela akakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi bebengekho lapho ilogu ethi bebeye khona. Usongo akuvamisile ukuthi kube umuntu wangaphandle onesivalo, noma; umuntu onemizuzwana engamashumi amathathu okufinyelela ekhadini eliseduze elingabhaliwe ngokuvamile uyisisebenzi esihambayo, isikhashana, noma usonkontileka. Lokho kuvezwa-kusemuva kuyisizathu sokuthi ngeke sithumele inqwaba engahleliwe{4}ephezulu ngaphandle kwe-serial-kuya-ukuze{6}}ukukhipha irekhodi kufayela - ikhadi elingalandelelwe elingezwe kusistimu ebukhoma liba ukhiye waphakade okungekho muntu ongakwazi ukuziphendulela ngemuva kweqiniso.

 

I-LF, HF, noma Ikhadi Elihlakaniphile Elibethelwe: Qondanisa i-Chip Nengozi, Hhayi Incwajana

 

Imvamisa yilapho ama-spec sheet amaningi ema futhi amaphutha amaningi okuthenga aqala khona. Ukuqhathanisa okuthembekile akukhona "okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphakama" kodwa "lokho okuphikisana nokukopisha nalokho okungahambisani."

 

Ibhendi	Ukuqinisekisa okujwayelekile	Funda ububanzi	Ukumelana ne-Cloning	Ukusebenzisa{0}}okungcono kakhulu
125 kHz (LF)	Ikhadi le-prox lefa / i-fob	Kufika ku-10 cm	Iphansi kakhulu - i-ID elungisiwe, akukho ukubethela	Izikhonkwane eziphansi-zeminyango yangaphakathi; izinhlelo zefa ewashini lokufuduka
13.56 MHz (HF), MIFARE Classic	Ibheji elidala lekhadi elihlakaniphile	~ 1-10 cm	Phansi - i-Crypto1 cipher yayo iphukile	Gwema noma yini ebucayi; phatha njengefa
13.56 MHz (HF), DESFire EV2/EV3 noma i-SEOS	Ibheji yekhadi elihlakaniphile elibethelwe	~ 1-10 cm	Ukuqinisekisa okuphezulu - kwesimanje okufanayo	Okuzenzakalelayo kwamanje kwamabheji okufinyelela kwabasebenzi avikelekile
860–960 MHz (UHF)	Ikhadi{0}}elide / umaka wesikrini sangaphambili	Kufika ku-10+ m	Iyahluka ngokusebenzisa	Amasango emoto,{0}}imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo yamahhala

 

Isicupho esingaphakathi kwalelo tafula siwumugqa wesibili. Abahlinzeki abaningi basaphendula ngokuthi "ingabe ivikelekile?" ngokuthi "yebo, ingu-13.56 MHz," njengokungathi imvamisa iyona eyisivikelo. Akunjalo. I-MIFARE Classic ihambise ikhadi kuma-high frequency kodwa yathumela i-cipher yokuphathelene osekunesikhathi eside yaqhekeka futhi evuleleke ekuhlaselweni kokhiye osebenzayo{4}}Black Hills Ulwazi Security). Ngakho-ke ukuma okufanele ukubamba engxoxweni yokufuna usizo akulungile: uma umthengisi ecaphuna i-MIFARE Classic futhi eyichaza njengokuthuthukiswa kwezokuphepha, phatha lokho njengempendulo engafaneleki, hhayi iphuzu lokuxoxisana. Ukuvikeleka namuhla kusho imindeni ebethelwe ehlakaniphile-yamakhadi enokuqinisekisa okufanayo, futhi indawo lapho i-chip iphila ezindabeni futhi, njengoba incwadi yokuqinisekisa ehlala iminyaka emihlanu yamaphakethe namabheji ereels yiyonaokubalulekile kukhethelwe ibanga lokufunda nokuphila, hhayi inani leyunithi.

 

Isicupho Esivumelanayo Esikha i-oda Lekhadi Elihle Kahle

Ungathenga ibheji yokufinyelela ye-RFID evikeleke kakhulu emakethe futhi ube nehluleka ukuvula umnyango lapho ufika. Lena imodi yokwehluleka emangaza-isikhathi sokuqala nokuphinda abathengi ngokufanayo, futhi ayihlanganise lutho ne-chip. Kuhlobene nendlela inombolo yekhadi epakishwa ngayo nokuthi yiziphi izinombolo umfundi atshelwe ukuthi azethembe.

 

Imibono emibili yenza umonakalo omkhulu. Okokuqala ukuthi ifomethi akuyona inombolo. Ifomethi yebhithi yekhadi ichaza indlela idatha yalo ebekwe futhi ifundwe ngayo, futhi ngale kwezinga elidala le-26-bit kungase kube namafomethi amaningi ahlukene abelana ngobude obufanayo bebhithi, ngayinye ibeka ikhodi yendawo kanye nenombolo yekhadi ezindaweni ezihlukene. Eyesibili ikhodi yesikhungo ngokwayo, isihlonzi esabiwe esihlanganisa iqoqo lamakhadi. Abafundi nezilawuli zivame ukulungiselelwa ukuthi zamukele ikhodi eyodwa ncamashi yesikhungo, ngakho ukuhlela kabusha okuphelele ngokobuchwepheshe ngekhodi yendawo engalungile kumane kungabonakali ohlelweni.

 

Ukuthi lokho kudlala kanjani kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi:

 

Isimo A

Esakhiweni esisodwa-sesayithi esiluhlaza, unokunethezeka kokukhetha ifomethi eyodwa kanye nekhodi yendawo eyodwa nokubhala kokubili. Ingozi incane inqobo nje uma othile ebhala phansi.

 

Isimo B

Kusayithi-eningi noma ekusetshenzisweni okukhulayo, ifomethi evamile ye-26-bit iba yisibopho sezomthetho, ngoba ikhodi yayo yesikhungo engu-8-bit (0–255) kanye nenombolo yekhadi elingu-16-bit (kufika ku-65,535) ivala isikhala esisebenzisekayo cishe kuma-ID ayingqayizivele ayizigidi ezingu-16.7 (nge-SIA 26-bitation ye-26-bit), ikhadi lekhodi lendawo ekugcineni lizokhipha ifomethi yekhodi eyodwa kanye nekhodi yekhodi eyodwa ekugcineni izokhipha ifomethi yekhodi eyodwa inombolo. Izizinda ezinkulu zidinga amafomethi anwetshiwe ashiwo ngaphambili.

 

Isimo C

Ekuhleleni kabusha isistimu ekhona, okuwukuphela kwendlela ephephile ukufanisa ifomethi eqondile kanye nekhodi yendawo esivele isenkambu, okusho ukuzazi ngaphambi kokuba ucele ikhowuthi kunokuzithola ngemva kokuba amakhadi engafundi. Kukhona okuhlukile okuhlobene abahlinzeki abaningi abangeke bakuphakamise ngokwabo: isixhumanisi phakathi komfundi nesilawuli. Izintambo ezijwayelekile ze-Wiegand ziyindlela eyodwa-futhi ayibetheliwe, ngakho inombolo yebheji ehamba kulowo mugqa ingabanjwa futhi idlalwe kabusha, yingakho ukufakwa okusha kuya ezingeni le-OSDP eliqondiswe kabili. Akukho kulokhu okusekhadini, kodwa konke kunquma ukuthi ikhadi oli-ode liyasebenza yini.

 

Lokho Ibheji Lokufinyelela Elibiza Ngayo Kuyo Yonke Impilo Yalo

 

Intengo{0}yekhadi ngalinye iyinombolo encane esinqumweni. Izindleko zangempela zokuqinisekisa yinani leyunithi kanye nakho konke okwenzeka kuyo ngemva kwalokho: ukukhishwa kabusha kwamakhadi alahlekile naphukile, ukuvala abanikazi abahambile, kanye nosuku olubizayo ngezikhathi ezithile lapho{2}}ukungafani kwekhodi kwesikhungo kuphoqa uku-oda kabusha ingxenye kanye nokuvakasha kwesayithi. Uhlelo olubukeka lushibhile entweni yomugqa lungasebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali salo ku-churn, yingakho nje isibonelo esisetshenziwe kuhlelo lwethu lokusebenza.isamba-sezindleko-ze{2}}zencwadi yokudlala yobunikazi yezinhlelo zamakhadi ehhotelailandelela ukujikeleza kwekhadi kwaminyaka yonke kunesitikha.

Faka inombolo enguqulweni embi kakhulu yaleyo churn. Uma okungaphezulu okungu-250-kwenqatshwa{3}}kunqatshwa ngenxa yokuthi ikhodi yakhona ayifani nalokho okulindeleke ngabafundi abasesigabeni, izindleko zokutholwa zalawo makhadi ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokuphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu kwentengo yoqobo{4}}ngeyunithi ngayinye uma usungeze ukuphrintwa kabusha, umfundi{6}}ubeka kabusha{6}ipharamitha, futhi uchwepheshe akafundi ukuthi kungani kungekho lutho olufundwayo. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu lolo hlobo lokulawula ukufinyelela kwekhadi lokuhlela kabusha amaqoqo okuhluleka acishe aphelele abekwe ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ifomethi ekhona kuqala, yingakho isilinganiso esishibhe kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zomjikelezo wokuphila kungavamile ukuhleleka okufanayo.

I-Special Sheet Okufanele Uyilungise Ngaphambi Kokwamukela I-Quote

 

Ama-oda amaningi anephutha alandela emuva kusicaphuni esiphendule imibuzo embalwa kunalokho obekufanele ibe nayo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqhathanise izintengo kunoma iyiphi ibheji yokufinyelela ye-RFID, phina lezi, ngoba ngayinye iyaluma uma ishiywe ingenalutho.

 

Cacisa lokhu	Kungani iluma uma weqa
Umndeni we-chip nephrothokholi	Inquma ukuphepha kanye nokuhambisana komfundi; I-"RFID" iyodwa ayiyona i-spec
Ibhendi yefrikhwensi	I-LF, i-HF, noma i-UHF kufanele ifane nabafundi kanye nezinga lobungozi
Isigaba sokubethela	Ihlukanisa ibheji lekhadi elihlakaniphile elivikelekayo nelikopishekayo
Ifomethi ye-Wiegand/OSDP kanye nekhodi yendawo	Isizathu esisodwa esivame kakhulu amakhadi a-odwe kabusha ahluleka ukufunda
Impahla yezindlu nokuqeda	Ishayela ubude benkambu yokuphila kanye nevolumu yokushintshwa
Ukuphrinta nokwenza kube ngokwakho	I-ID yesithombe, ilogo, izinombolo, i-slot punch yamareli ebheji
I-MOQ nesikhathi sokuhola	Inquma ukuthi ingabe umshayeli wendiza kanye nokukhishwa okufakwe ngezikali kuyenzeka yini
Isampula kanye nenqubomgomo yokuhlola	Ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukufundwa kubafundi bakho ngaphambi kokwenza

 

Kuma-oda ayinqwaba angaphezu kwamayunithi angaba ngu-500, khiya ifomethi kanye nekhodi yendawo ngokubhala ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwesampula, ngoba{1}}ukucacisa kabusha ikhadi lokufinyelela le-RFID langokwezifiso maphakathi-nokukhiqiza yilokho okushintsha i-oda elivamile libe ukuphrinta kabusha. Umphakeli ongakhuluma nerowu ngayinye engenhla ngaphandle kokuhlola nomunye umuntu ngokuvamile umphakeli oke waphatha izindlela zakho zokuhluleka ngaphambilini, futhi uhlu lokuhlola luhlunga buthule abathengisi abathengisa isitoko esiqediwe kuphela, njengoba ngokuvamile bengakwazi nhlobo ukuphendula ifomethi nemigqa yokwenza kube ngokwakho.

 

Kungani Ukuqinisekiswa Kufanelekile Ukutholwa Embonini Ekwenzayo

Imihlahlandlela eminingi eshicilelwe ngalesi sihloko ibhalwe ukufinyelela-isofthiwe yokulawula nabathengisi besistimu, yingakho bechaza abafundi namadeshibhodi ngokujula futhi baphathe ikhadi ngokwalo njengokucatshangelwa kamuva. Ikhadi liyayeka ukuba umcabango ngemuva nje kokuthi into ehlulekayo emnyango.

 

Ukuthola imininingwane efekthri ehlanganisa i-chip futhi ivunguze i-antenna yikho okugcina uku-oda kabusha kufundeka eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Isizathu esibambekayo sihlala ezingxenyeni zenqubo umthengisi angalokothi azibone: yonke i-antenna inezinhlamvu ezingu-±0.1 mm, ngakho ukuphakama{2}}kwevolumu ephezulu kufundwa ebangeni elifanayo nesampula oligunyazile; imvamisa ye-resonant kanye nokufunda-ububanzi bokudlula/ukufeyila kuhlolwa ku-100% wamayunithi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kunokuba kuthathwe amasampula{5}}; umbala wokuphrinta ubanjwe ku-ΔE <1, ngakho uku-oda kabusha kufana namabheji asevele aku-lanyards; futhi i-athikili yokuqala ithunyelwa ngezinsuku zokusebenza ezingu-7–15, ngakho ifomethi iqinisekiswa kubafundi bakho ngaphambi kokuthi kuphele ngokugcwele.

 

I-Syntek ibophele ama-chips emakhadini okufinyelela aqediwe ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kusukela ngo-2006, iphethe i-ISO 9001 ne-CE, futhi ithumela izifakazelo eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, uhlobo lwerekhodi ithimba lokuthenga elingakwazi ukuliqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba kufike isampula eyodwa.

 

Uma uhlola ukukhishwa noma ushintsha isistimu ye-prox yefa, isinyathelo esilandelayo esihlanzekile siwukubacacisa futhi u-ode amakhadi okufinyelela afaniswe nabafundi bakho abakhonaesikhundleni sokuthenga isitoko esijwayelekile bese uthemba ukuthi siyabhalisa. Cela isampula yamahhala kanye nokubuyekezwa okufushane okufushane kuqala; ukufunda omunye wabafundi bakho ngekhadi langempela elinezimpendulo ezingaphezu kwanoma iyiphi idatha yedatha, futhi isampula yezinsuku eziyi-7-15 igcina lokho kuhlola kushibhile.

 

Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Mayelana Nezibheji Zokufinyelela ze-RFID

Q: Ingabe ibheji yokusondela engu-125 kHz ivikeleke ngokwanele ukuba ihhovisi?

A: Kunoma yini ezwelayo, awekho - amakhadi e-prox aphansi{1}}aphansi{1}}angenakho ukubethela futhi angakopishwa ngamathuluzi ashibhile, atholakala kabanzi, ngakho amakhadi ahlakaniphile angu-13.56 MHz ayisisekelo esisebenzayo.

Umbuzo: Ingabe amabheji amasha azosebenza nabafundi bethu bamakhadi abakhona?

A: Kuphela uma i-frequency, ifomethi yebhithi, kanye nekhodi yendawo ifana nalokho abafundi bakho asebekulindele; ukungafani kunoma yikuphi kokuthathu yisizathu esijwayelekile ukuthi amakhadi amasha ahluleke lapho efika.

Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebheji ye-RFID nekhadi le-ID?

IMP: Ngokuvamile akukho lutho - lwebheji yokufinyelela ye-RFID eyikhadi le-ID eline-chip eshumekiwe, elisebenza njengesihlonzi esibonakalayo kanye nesiqinisekiso sokufinyelela ngaphandle kokuthinta esiqeshini esisodwa.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ibheji elilodwa lingakwazi ukufinyelela, ukuba khona, nokuphathwa kwezivakashi?

A: Yebo; imininingwane eyodwa ingashayela ukufinyelela komnyango,-kanye{1}}kanye{1}}nokufika, kanye nokudlula kwesivakashi sesikhashana uma kubhangqwe nezifundi ezihambisanayo nesofthiwe yokuphatha.