Asebenza Kanjani Amakhadi Abalulekile Amahhotela? I-RFID, i-Magstripe, kanye ne-Tech Behind the Tap

 

Ubuchwepheshe obuthathu, izindaba ezintathu zokuphepha ezihluke kakhulu

 

Ngaphansi komkhiqizo, zonke iziqinisekiso zegumbi lehhotela zisebenza kobunye bobuchwepheshe obuthathu, futhi ngakunye ziphatha ngendlela ehlukile lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.

 

Umugqa kazibuthe ifomethi endala kakhulu esasebenza nsuku zonke. Idatha yesivakashi iphila njengezinhlayiya ezizibuthe ebhandeni elimnyama ngemuva, futhi ilokhi iyifunda njengoba ikhadi lidonsa esikhaleni. Umbuzo wekhadi lokhiye wehhotela le-RFID ngokumelene ne-magnetic stripe ngokuvamile uqala lapha, ngoba umugqa uyinketho eshibhile ebiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: ayigcini lutho ngokuphephile, yehlisa isithunzi ngokuphathwa, futhi ezindaweni eziningi isebenzisa isitoko esiphansi{2}}esiphoqelelayo esinikeza umbhalo waso kumazibuthe oduka noma umjikelezo omatasa wokubhala kabusha{3}}maduze kakhulu kunalokho abantu abebekulindele.

 

Amakhadi e-RFID ahweba ngokuswayipha ukuze uthole kampompi, futhi yilapho ukuqonda ukuthi amakhadi okhiye e-RFID amahhotela asebenza kanjani kuba nentshisekelo. I-chip encane kanye nekhoyili ye-antenna yethusi kuhlala kuvaliwe epulasitiki. Umfundi okhiyelwe uphonsa inkundla yomsakazo, leyo nkambu inika amandla i-chip ngaphandle kwebhethri futhi ingaxhunywanga, bese i-chip iphendula ngemininingwane yayo egciniwe. Imvamisa imininingwane abachazi abaningi eyeqayo.Amakhadi okufinyelela kwefa asebenza ngo-125 kHz, ibhendi yefrikhwensi-ephansi cishe engenakho ukuvikeleka; izinga lesimanje ngu-13.56 MHz, -ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu eyabelwe umndeni we-chip we-MIFARE kanye ne-NFC. I-physics efanayo, ukuvikeleka okuhluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi iyiphi i-chip egibela phezulu.

 

 

Okhiye beselula be-NFC bayisendlalelo esisha kakhulu, okungaphansi kombono omusha kunokushintshaniswa okufanayo okungu-13.56 MHz ohanjiswe ocingweni, elingisa ikhadi futhi ekhuluma ne-Bluetooth-lokhiye okwaziyo ukusebenzisa izifakazelo ezikhishwe ekungeneni kweselula-. Ukudonsa kuyasebenza, akukhona nje okusemfashinini: Ucwaningo lukaCornell luthole ukuthi-ukulinda imizuzu emihlanu ngaphambi kokuthi ungene{5}}kunganciphisa ukwaneliseka kwesivakashi cishe ngohhafu (Inethiwekhi ye-BDC), futhi ukweqa ideski ukujaha amahhotela. Le mali ilandela lo mkhuba, ngobuchwepheshe bamahhotela obungaxhunywanga obabungabiza cishe ku-US$4.8 billion ngo-2025 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ezigidigidini ezingama-US$14.6 ngo-2034 (Idathaintelo), futhi iketango elilodwa elikhulu lalinokhiye beselula abahlala emahhotela angaphezu kuka-1,800 ekupheleni kuka-2019 (I-Hospitality Technology). Inketho yefrikhwensi ibaluleke kakhulu lapho icacisa ihadiwe yokukhiya. Eyethuukuhlukaniswa kwe-RFID iqhathaniswa ne-NFC nokuthi isetshenziswa nini ngayinyeihlanganisa leso sinqumo, kodwa ekwakhiweni kwehhotela okusha, i-13.56 MHz manje isiyisitezi esisebenzayo.

 

Ngaphakathi kwesigamu{0}sesibili lapho umnyango uvuleka

 

Umnyango wehhotela ufunda ikhadi lakho bese unquma ngengxenyana yomzuzwana, futhi izinyathelo zilula kunendlela ijubane elisikisela ngayo.Umfundi ukhipha inkundla yomsakazo, i-chip ye-passive ivuka futhi ibuyisele ukuqinisekisa okubhalwe kuyo, isilawuli sesikhiya siqhathanisa lokho ngokumelene nomthetho wokufinyelela esiwuphethe, futhi uma igumbi kanye nezinsuku zilandelana, sishayela ibhawudi. Lisebenza kanjalo ikhadi lokhiye wehhotela ezingeni elike libonwe yisivakashi.

 

Okungena ngaphansi yingxenye okufanele uyazi: izingidi zeminyango yehhotela eziningi azixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Akukho ukuhlola kweseva ebukhoma, akukho ntambo yenethiwekhi. Lokho kwenziwa ngamabomu, ngoba kuvumela indawo ukuthi isebenzise izinkulungwane zeminyango ngamandla ebhethri ngaphandle kokufaka izintambo ze-IT kulo lonke uhlaka. I-tradeoff ukuthi i-logic yemvume kufanele iphile ekhadini ngokwalo, yingakho nje imininingwane yakho ithwala isikhathi sayo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi iyeke ukusebenza ekuphumeni esikhundleni sokucishwa ukude, futhi, njengoba irekhodi lezokuphepha libonisa, kungani ikhadi eliwumgunyathi eliphethe idatha efanele lingavula umnyango wedeski elingaphambili elingakaze ligunyazwe. Ekhadini{4}}loomakhenikha abaseceleni ileveli eyodwa phansi, umchazi wethu uvuliweukuthi i-RFID smart card igcina ini nokuthi iphendula kanjaniijula.

 

Lokho ikhadi lakho elikwaziyo ngawe, nalokho elingakwazi

 

Ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo okuphindelelayo kufanelekile ukuxazululwa ngokusobala. Ikhadi legumbi lasehhotela ngokuvamile liphethe inombolo yegumbi,{1}}izinsuku zakho zokungena kanye nokuphuma{2}}, kanye nezimvume zokufinyelela eziboshelwe ekhodini kuphela eqondwa yisistimu yendawo. Lokho ikhadi lokhiye wehhotela ofakwe ikhodi ngokufanelekile elingenalo igama lakho, ikheli lakho lasekhaya, noma imininingwane yakho yokukhokha. Ikhadi liwuphawu olukhomba irekhodi elingaphakathi kwesistimu yehhotela, hhayi ikhophi yalelo rekhodi. Yilahle emgwaqeni futhi umtholi akafundi lutho ngawe; emininingwaneni yesimanje ebethelwe, abakwazi ngisho ukuyiguqula ibe ukhiye wokusebenza ngaphandle kokudlula intambama enelukuluku.

 

 

Umlando wokuphepha izincwajana zishiya ngaphandle

 

Ukuthi amakhadi abalulekile amahhotela asebenza kanjani kunquma okungaphezu kokunethezeka:ubuchwepheshe be-chip ngaphakathi bubeka i-ceiling ukuthi umnyango uvikeleke kangakanani, futhi imboni isichithe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ikufakazela lokho.

 

Ngo-2012, umthuthukisi we-Mozilla ophendule umcwaningi ogama lakhe lingu-Cody Brocious wangena esiteji se-Black Hat USA e-Las Vegas ngegajethi eyakhiwe ngebhodi le-Arduino elicishe libe ngamadola angamashumi amahlanu. Uyixhume emandleni-kanye{4}nembobo yokuhlela ngaphansi kwesikhiye sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu se-Onity, wafunda inkumbulo yesihluthulelo, wabe esevula umnyango. Lezo zingidi zazihlala emakamelweni alinganiselwa ezigidini ezine kuya kwezinhlanu emhlabeni wonke. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kwavela indlela efanayo ekugqekezweni kwangempela, okuhlanganisa nelaptop eyebiwa e-Hyatt e-Houston's Galleria, lapho amaphoyisa kamuva abopha khona umsolwa; Ikhambi lika-Onity kwakuyipulaki yembobo yamahhala kanye ne-firmware-kanye-nokuthuthukiswa kwebhodi-yebhodi lesifunda okwakulindeleke ukuthi amahhotela akhokhele, futhi ukutholwa kwahudulwa (Irejista).

 

Icala lango-2024 linzima ukulisusa. Ithimba labacwaningi lidalule inqwaba yamaphutha ateketiswa nge-Unsaflok afinyelele eminyango ecishe ibe yizigidi ezintathu ezindaweni ezilinganiselwa ku-13,000 emazweni ayi-131 (I-BleepingComputer). Ukuhlasela kwakudinga ikhadi elingukhiye elilodwa elifundwe endaweni kanye nomlobi oshibhile ukwenza amakhadi amabili afojiwe, futhi isizathu sokuthi kuthatha amabili kufanelekile ukuqondwa: ikhadi lokuqala libhala kabusha isimo sangaphakathi sokukhiya, bese kuthi-ke ikhadi lesibili livule ()Unsaflok). Kusebenzile ngoba labo bakhiye bancike ekhadini eliguga le-MIFARE Classic elinohlelo lokhiye wobunikazi olungahlehliswa{1}}obunjiniyela, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ibhawodi lingadonswa ngesofthiwe, i-deadbolt ayizange inikeze isipele sangempela. Lokho kufinyelela-okulawula ubuthakathaka be-chip kufinyelela ngaphezu komkhiqizo owodwa wokukhiya, yingakho ukukhetha kokuqinisekisa esikhundleni sokukhiya uphawu kuwukulawula kwangempela, i-tradeoff esiyibeka kumbhalo wethufinyelela-lawula ukuphepha kwekhadi nendlela yokukhetha.

 

 

Ngokuhlukana, abacwaningi kamuva bathola i-backdoor yehadiwe kuma-chips athile e-MIFARE-ahambisanayo enziwe e-China, uhlobo oseluvele lukuhhotela e-US, Europe, nase-India (TechRadar). Zontathu izindaba zinesifundo esisodwa: "isebenza ku-RFID, ngakho ivikelekile" umusho oguge kabi.

 

Uma uthenga noma ucacise lawa makhadi, funda ukwehluleka uhlehle

 

Ikhadi le-RFID elibethelwe kunzima ukulifanisa kunomugqa ozibuthe. Leso sihloko silungile, futhi isifinyezo se-AI sizokuphinda ngenjabulo. Okushiywa ngumusho buthule ukuguquguquka okunquma ukuthi indawo yakho iphephile yini:yimuphi umndeni we-chip ohlezi ngaphakathi, futhi i-silicon kabani. Leyo ingxenye abahlinzeki abaningi abangeke bayikhulise bebodwa, futhi yilapho umbono wefekthri uhlukanisa khona nomthengisi.

 

I-Bare MIFARE Classic ayikho etafuleni manje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iliphi izinga lesakhiwo, ngoba ukudalulwa kwe-Unsaflok kwenze lolo cingo lwahlala njalo futhi i-chip cryptographically yaphuka kusukela ngo-2008 ayinalo ibhizinisi lokuqapha igumbi lezivakashi. Okusele ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi iyiphi i-encryption{2}chip chip elingana izikhiya zakho, ibhajethi, nokukhishwa kwakho, nokukhetha amakhadi abalulekile ehhotela ahlukaniswa kahle abe amakesi amathathu. Ibhajethi noma ihhotela eliyifa elivele lisebenzisa i-magstripe lingase liyigcine ngokunengqondo okwamanje futhi liqinise inqubo yedeski kanye{4}}nokubhala kabusha inhlanzeko, njengoba ukukhipha i-hardware esebenzayo ukuze kuxoshwe usongo izivakashi zalo ezingasoze zahlangabezana nazo kuwuhlobo lwazo lokumosha. Isakhiwo esisha esiphakathi-sobubanzi asinazo izaba zokucacisa ngezansi a13.56 MHz ukuqinisekisa okubethelwe. Okhiye beselula abasezingeni eliphezulu be-NFC basadinga ikhadi lokubuyisela emuva elibethelwe, ngoba lokho kubuyela emuva kuyilokho umhlaseli akulandela.

 

Lowo msebenzi ofanayo yikho esikwenzela amaklayenti e-hospitality: ukufaka imininingwane kumodeli yosongo, ukuqondisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kucace emindenini ephukile, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon ukuze umnyango ongemuva ungafiki ugoqekile{0}}. Isinyathelo esinqumayo ukuthi iminyango yakho iphephile yini yileso esingaphrintiwe lapha: yimaphi amadokhumenti okugunyazwa ongawafuna kumhlinzeki we-chip, indlela yokuqinisekisa ingxenye yangempela ye-NXP noma ingxenye ye-Infineon kune-clone engenalayisense, kanye nendlela yokufunda amakhadi akhona wendawo ngaphambi kokuthi uhlele kabusha. Lolo hlu lokuhlola abahlinzeki abahlukahlukene abathula ngalo, futhi sizokwabelana nolwethu uma ulucela. Uma uhlolangokwezifiso-amakhadi okhiye wehhotela afakwe ngekhodi akhiwe phezu kwe-chip eqinisekisiwe, ebethelwe{1}}yebanga, vula ingxoxo nge-chip, hhayi umsebenzi wobuciko; ngezindawo zokungcebeleka ezinweba ukungena emachibini, ezindaweni zokungcebeleka, nezindawo zemicimbi, kunengqondo efanayoI-RFID wristbands yehhotela ne-resort accessAmathegi e-RFID elondoloahambisa ilineni emuva-kumasistimu{1}}endlu efanayo.

 

Iphuzu elibalulekile

 

Ukuthi amasistimu wamakhadi abalulekile amahhotela asebenza kanjani kwehlela engxenyeni eyodwa, i-chip, futhi imboni ikhokhele ngokuyishaya indiva eminyango eyizigidi ezintathu. Ngaphambi kokuthi i-oda lakho lekhadi elilandelayo lithunyelwe, qinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip kanye nomthombo wayo, phatha noma yini eyakhelwe phezu kwe-MIFARE Classic engenalutho njengengeyona-isiqalo, futhi ucele umphakeli wakho ukuthi akunikeze isiqinisekiso. Uma bengakwazi, leyo yimpendulo yakho, futhi yisikhathi esifanele sokuletha imboni engakwazi.