Isihloko esifushane sokukwethula ku-RFID

Uma sikhuluma nge-RFID, abangani abaningi abakaze bezwe ngayo noma bezwe ngayo kodwa abazi ukuthi iyini. Uma sibheka esitolo esikhulu, othatha imali angakwazi ukubona umkhiqizo ngegagasi lesithwebuli sebhakhodi; lapho sidlula esiteshini semigwaqo emikhulu, imali ingadonswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuma; lapho siboleka izincwadi emtatsheni wezincwadi, umlawuli angaqedela ukubhalisa ngokuskena ukukhanya; lezi zikhathi ezivamile zonke zifihla "iqhawe elingabonakali" elifanayo - i-RFID.

I-RFID empeleni yazalwa kudala, ikhonza buthule yonke imikhakha yempilo kuwo wonke amagumbi. I-RFID isifinyezo se-Radio Frequency Identification, futhi igama layo lesiShayina liwukuhlonza ifrikhwensi yomsakazo okungenantambo. Kalula nje, akuwona{2}}ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza obuzenzakalelayo obungakwazi ukubona ukuhlonza ulwazi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-RFID

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-RFID kungalandelelwa emuva eMpini Yezwe II, lapho amasosha ase-US eyisebenzisa ukuhlonza izindiza Ezihlangene ukuze zigweme ukushaya ngephutha amabutho anobungane. Yaqala ukukhula ngeminyaka yawo-1980 futhi yavuthwa kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwezempi, kwezinye izimboni eziningi, abantu banesidingo sokuhlonza izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngalesi sizathu, amalebula amaningi kufanele anamathiselwe ezintweni, futhi ulwazi oluningi kufanele lufakwe kumalebula. Lokhu kuwukumosha isikhathi namandla, futhi izinga lamaphutha edatha liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke ukuze kongiwe abasebenzi futhi kukhululwe izandla zabo, abantu baqala ukufuna indlela engakwazi ukuzibona ngokuzenzakalelayo, kwase kuba khona i-RFID. Isiza abantu ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezifana nesivinini sokufaka esinensayo mathupha, izinga eliphezulu lamaphutha, ukushuba okuphezulu komsebenzi, umsebenzi olula nophindaphindayo, njll., futhi ithuthukisa{8}}isikhathi sangempela nokunemba kwesistimu yolwazi, okuletha ukunethezeka okukhulu emsebenzini wezimboni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-RFID

Ukwakhiwa kwe-RFID kulula kakhulu, kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: ithegi ye-electronic, i-antenna kanye nomfundi. Lezi zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-RFID ukuze iqedele umsebenzi wayo.

Ithegi ye-elekthronikhi

Ithegi ye-elekthronikhi iyidivayisi encane egcina ulwazi oluqondiwe (njenge-ID, idatha yesibaluli), okulingana "nekhadi le-ID elingenantambo". Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthola amandla, ukuhlaziya imiyalelo, kanye nedatha yempendulo.

I-Antenna

I-antenna iyisiteshi sokudlulisa esibonakalayo samandla namasiginali phakathi komfundi nomaka. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali.

 

Umfundi

Umfundi uyi-transceiver yedijithali, enesibopho sokuqala ukuxhumana, ukucubungula amasignali, nokuphatha ukuxhumana kwedatha, okulingana "nomfundi wekhadi ongenazintambo".

 

Isimiso sokusebenza se-RFID

Umgomo wokusebenza we-RFID awunzima. Ulimi lokuxhumana phakathi kwe-RFID nomfundi amagagasi kagesi. Umfundi, i-antenna kanye nethegi ye-elekthronikhi ibona ukudluliswa kwamandla kanye nokusebenzisana kwedatha ngamagagasi kagesi. Ubudlelwano obunengqondo bungafushaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: umfundi uthumela imiyalelo futhi athole isignali yokubuyisela umaki ngaphansi kolawulo lomsingathi, uthi lunesibopho sokukhipha nokwamukela amagagasi kagesi, kanye nethegi ye-elekthronikhi iphendula ngokungenzi lutho noma ngenkuthalo futhi iphendule ulwazi.

I-RFID Electronic tag

Umaki we-elekthronikhi ulingana "nekhadi likamazisi" le-RFID. Ikakhulukazi inezindawo ezimbili zokugcina - indawo kamazisi igcina "inombolo kamazisi" (UID) eyingqayizivele yomhlaba wonke, engenakushintshwa yinoma ubani; indawo yedatha yomsebenzisi ifana nencwajana, lapho ungabhala futhi udwebe ngokuthanda kwakho, ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukugcina ulwazi aludingayo. I-Antenna
I-antenna ilingana "nomlomo" kanye "nendlebe" ye-RFID, enesibopho sokuthumela nokwamukela amaza kagesi, okuvumela i-RFID ukuthi "ixoxe" nomfundi. Umfundi
Umfundi ulingana "nomhumushi" we-RFID. Umfundi uqala ngokuthumela isignali ngothi. Ngemva kokuyithola, i-RFID ithumela ulwazi olukumathegi emuva kumfundi ngothi. Ekugcineni, umfundi udlulisela ulwazi kumsingathi ukuze aqedele ukuhlonza.

Imvamisa ye-RFID

I-RFID ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ngokuya ngefrikhwensi: i-low frequency, high frequency, ultra-high frequency ne-microwave. Amafrikhwensi ahlukene anezici ezihlukene futhi adlala indima ehlukile ezimeni ezahlukene.

 

Imvamisa-ephansi (125KHz)

Njengomuntu{0}}ohamba kancane, okhulumela phansi, umfundi kufanele abe phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.2 ukuze ezwe kahle. Kodwa inokungena okuqinile futhi ayikwazi ukuvinjwa ezinye izithiyo ngaphandle kwensimbi, ifanele -izigcawu eziseduze ezifana nezindawo zokupaka nokulawula ukufinyelela.

Imvamisa ephezulu (13.56MHz)

Njenge "isibhamu somshini" esinesivinini esikhuluma ngokushesha, kodwa ibanga lokudlulisela liphinde libe ngamamitha angu-1.2. Kungabonakala kaningi ekubolekeni kwezincwadi zelabhulali kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla yezokwelapha.

I-Ultra-imvamisa ephezulu (860-960MHz)

Njengokuthi "izwi elikhulu + nomlomo osheshayo", ingakwazi ukuxhumana ngisho noma iqhele ngamamitha angu-4, futhi inamandla ayo (asebenzayo), ilungele izigcawu ezidinga ukukhonjwa okusheshayo njengemigqa yokukhiqiza nokuphathwa kweziqukathi.
I-Microwave (2.45GHz, 5.8GHz)
"Njengompetha-wokugijima amabanga amade", ingadlulisa amamitha angaphezu kuka-100, futhi ukuhlonza imoto ephathwayo kanye nesilawuli sokufinyelela kude kuncike kukho.

Iyasebenza futhi ayikwenzi

Ibanga lokudluliswa kolwazi alincikile nje kuphela ebuningini, kodwa nakwezinye izici eziningi. Isibonelo, indlela yokunikeza amandla ezokwethulwa ngokulandelayo ingenye yezinto ezinqumayo. I-RFID ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili ngokwendlela yokunikeza amandla, okuyi-RFID esebenzayo kanye ne-passive RFID, ebuye ihambisane nendlela esebenzayo (esebenzayo) kanye nendlela yokwenziwa (i-passive) endleleni yokuxhumana.

 

Imvamisa ephansi

Ifrikhwensi ephansi ngokuvamile ayisebenzi. Amathegi e-passive electronic awanawo amandla awo futhi awanawo amandla. Abakwazi ukukhuluma ngentshiseko. Badinga umfundi ukuthi adlulisele amagagasi omsakazo kubo. Basebenzisa okwakamuva okwenziwe ukuze batshele ulwazi lwabo kumfundi. Bangamalungu omndeni ongenzi lutho. Nakuba imvamisa ephansi ikhuluma kancane futhi ithule, amazwi abo anokungena okuqinile. Izithiyo ezijwayelekile ngaphandle kwensimbi azikwazi ukuvimba ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo nomfundi. Nokho, ngenxa yebanga labo elilinganiselwe lokuxhumana, ngokuvamile basebenza ekuphathweni kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuphathwa kwemicimbi yamahhashi ezemidlalo, njll., okungadingi ibanga eliphezulu.

 

Imvamisa ephezulu

Ifrikhwensi ephezulu ngokuvamile ayisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwensimbi, isignali ingaphinda idlule ezintweni eziningi, kodwa lezi zithiyo zizonciphisa ibanga lokusakazwa komsindo wazo. Asetshenziswa ekushajeni indawo yokupaka okuzenzakalelayo, ekulawulweni kokungena kwamahhotela nomphakathi, ekuphathweni komtapo wolwazi nakwezinye izindawo.

 

I-UHF

I-UHF ngokuvamile ayisebenzi, futhi amasignali e-UHF awakwazi ukungena ensimbi. Insimbi inomthelela omkhulu futhi onamandla kumasiginali we-RFID UHF, futhi ingenye yemithombo evame kakhulu yokuphazamiseka ezinhlelweni ze-UHF RFID. I-UHF imvamisa isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okuzenzakalelayo komugqa, ukuphathwa kwephakeji yendiza, ukuphathwa kweziqukathi, ukuphathwa kwamaphakheji kaloliwe kanye nezinye izindawo ezinezidingo zejubane eliphezulu.

 

Indlela elula yokuhlukanisa phakathi kokusebenza nokungenzi lutho ukubona ukuthi ithegi ye-elekthronikhi inawo yini amandla ayo. Omaka abanamandla abo bayasebenza, kuyilapho amathegi angenawo amandla awasebenzi

 

Ama-microwave

Ama-microwave ngokuvamile ayasebenza, futhi amathegi e-microwave electronic anamandla awo. Ukuze bathole izinga lokukhuluma imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu, badinga ukuba namandla abo ukuze banikeze amandla. Futhi kungenxa yokuphakela kwabo amandla okwenza bakwazi ukuthumela amasignali efrikhwensi yomsakazo kumfundi, futhi amandla abo okusebenza angavumela amasignali abo ukuthi adluliselwe kude. I-Microwave RFID isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlonzeni izimoto eziphathwayo, isilawuli kude se-elekthronikhi, nakwezinye izindawo lapho kunezidingo eziphezulu zejubane lokudlulisela kanye nebanga lokudlulisela. Thatha iqoqo elikhokhelwayo elizenzakalelayo{4}lezimoto ze-ETC ezinesivinini esiphezulu njengesibonelo. Njengoba imoto ihamba ngokushesha uma ihamba, kudingeka i-microwave RFID enesivinini sokukhuluma esisheshayo. Umnikazi unamathisele umaka we-electronic we-microwave emotweni. Ithegi ye-microwave electronic inamandla ayo futhi ikhipha amagagasi kagesi ngothi noma ngasiphi isikhathi ukumaka indawo ekuyo. Lapho imoto idlula esiteshini se-toll, umfundi uthumela isignali ngothi lwayo ukuze athole ulwazi lwemoto. Ithegi ye-microwave electronic idlulisela ulwazi lwemoto kumfundi. Umfundi uthola ulwazi futhi ubala izimali okufanele zikhokhwe ngokuvumelana nemodeli yemoto kanye nebanga, abese edlulisela ulwazi olucutshunguliwe (i-toll) alubuyisele kuthegi ye-electronic microwave. Khona-ke imoto ingadlula ngemva kokuba umnikazi ekhokhe imali. Yonke inqubo ishesha njengemizuzwana emi-2, esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izicelo ze-RFID

Yonke imikhakha yempilo izuze kakhulu ekudumeni nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-RFID. Isibonelo, imboni yezokuthengisa yomdabu incike kumabhakhodi ekuphathweni kwempahla, okudinga ukuskena mathupha kwento ngayinye. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle (uhlu lwesuphamakethe eyiskwele semitha engu-1,000 lungathatha amahora ambalwa noma usuku olungu-1), kodwa kulula futhi ukuhlanekezela idatha yokusungula ngenxa yokuphuthelwa noma ukuskena okungalungile, okubuye kubangele "ukuphela kwesitoko" noma "ukusilela emuva". Ngemva kokwamukela ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, amathegi e-RFID angarekhoda yonke idatha yomjikelezo wempilo wezimpahla ezifana nokugcinwa, amashelufu, ukuthengisa, nezimbuyiselo, futhi uhlelo lubuyekeza isimo sokusungula ngesikhathi sangempela. Izitolo zingabamba ngokunembile ukuthi "iziphi izimpahla ezisemashalofini, ezisesitolo, futhi yiziphi ezizodayiswa", zigweme "amanga angekho esitokweni" (izimpahla empeleni zisendaweni yokugcina izimpahla kodwa azikho emashalofini) noma ukunqwabelanisa isitokwe ngokweqile ngenxa yokusilela kolwazi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwempahla yezimpahla ngo-20% -50%.

 

Embonini yokugcinwa kwempahla kanye nempahla, ukungena nokuphuma kwezimpahla esikhathini esidlule kwakudinga amafomu okubalwa ngesandla kanye nokubhaliswa, okwakungadli nje kuphela abasebenzi abaningi nesikhathi. Manje njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-RFID sebemukelwe, ama-forklift angakwazi ukufunda ngokushesha ulwazi lwempahla phakathi kokufakwa nokulayishwa, futhi adlulisele ukufakwa kwempahla nokuphuma kolwazi abuyele ebhodini elikhulu lokubuka idatha. Abaphathi befekthri bangakwazi ukubona isimo sokusebenza kwe-warehouse ngokuthi nhla ngedatha yebhodi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwempahla kanye nezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwempahla, futhi ukunemba nokunemba sekufinyelele noma kwedlula ngisho no-99%, okungaphezulu kakhulu kokunemba kokuphathwa kokubukwayo kwangaphambilini, okunciphisa ukumosheka kwezindleko zamabhizinisi kanye nokwenzeka kwamaphutha okulethwa kwamaphakheji. Zonke izinto zempahla zirekhodwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi imibhalo iyakhiqizwa, okwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukulandelwa nokuhlonza.

 

Eqinisweni, i-RFID ikhona yonke indawo ezimpilweni zethu. Lapho usebenzisa ikhadi lokungena ukuze uvule umnyango lapho uhlala ehhotela, lapho usebenzisa ikhadi lesisebenzi ukuze ushayele inkampani, lapho uswayipha ikhadi ukuze uboleke izincwadi emtatsheni wezincwadi, nalapho ungena futhi uphuma endaweni yokupaka ngokuzenzakalelayo, le RFID yomlingo iyasebenza. Ngemva kokufunda isingeniso esingenhla, ingabe unokuqonda okujulile nge-RFID?

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, zizwe ukhululekile ukuchofozaXhumana nathi.